CBSE 11/ PUC 1st year Biology- Plant Kingdom – Examples

Algae:

Depending on reproduction:

Isogamous (Gametes are similar size)

eg: Ulothrix (Gametes are flagellated)

Spirogyra (gametes are non flagellated )

Anisogamous( gametes are dissimilar size)

eg: Eudorina

Oogamous ( Female Gametes are one large and non motile , male gametes are small and motile)

Eg: Volvox , Fucus

Depending on forms and habitat: 

Colonial forms: Volvox

Filamentous form :Ulothrix, Spirogyra

Marine with massive plant body : Kelp

Depending on usage:

Food- Marine algae – Porphyra, Laminaria, Sargassum

Commercial usage :

Large amount of hydrocolloids (water holding substance) – eg: Algin (Brown algae)

Carrageen (red algae)

Agar (used for making jellies)- Obtained from Gelidium, Gracillaria

Food supplement – Protein rich eg: Chlorella

 

Classes:

Chlorophyceae (Green algae): Eg: Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Ulothrix, Spyrogyra and Chara

Phaeophyceae ((Brown algae) : Eg: Ectocarpus, Dictyota, Laminaria, Sargassum, Fucus.

Rhodophyceae (Red algae) :Eg: Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gracillaria, Gelidium

Bryophytes:

Liverworts: 

Plant body is thalloid , eg : Marchantia.

Mosses:

Funaria, Polytrichum, Sphagnum

Pteridophytes:

Largest leaves : eg  Ferns

Small leaves : eg. Selaginella

Classes :

Psilopsida : Eg: Psilotum

Lycopsida : Eg: Selaginella, Lycopodium

Sphenopsida : Eg:Equisetum

Pteropsida : Eg. Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum

Gymnosperms :

Giant red wood tree : Sequoia

Which have fungal associated root  (mycorrhiza) : Eg: Pinus

With coralloid roots with N2 fixing Cyanobacteria :Eg: Cycas

Unbranched stem : Eg: Cycas

Branched stem : Pinus, Cedrus

Male and female cones on the same tree : Eg: Pinus

Male and female cones are on different trees: Eg Cycas

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